Substitution reactions in the acenaphthene analog of quino[7,8-h]quinoline and an unusual synthesis of the corresponding acenaphthylenes by tele-elimination

• Ekaterina V. Kolupaeva,
• Narek A. Dzhangiryan,
• Alexander F. Pozharskii,
• Oleg P. Demidov and
• Valery A. Ozeryanskii

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.24

• , Pushkin str. 1a, 355017 Stavropol, Russian Federation 10.3762/bjoc.20.24 Abstract The possibility of functionalization of dipyrido[3,2-e:2′,3′-h]acenaphthene containing a quino[7,8-h]quinoline fragment and being a highly basic diazine analog of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (“proton sponge”) has been

• forced to strongly repel each other in space, can lead to a sharp increase in basicity [8]. Thus, quino[7,8-h]quinoline (3), first obtained in the Staab group [9], already exceeds in basicity not only quinoline itself, but also 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (1, “proton sponge”) (Scheme 1; pKa values

• % yield directly from diamine 4 [15]. This result is contrary to the initial report [16]. Compound 5 still has the properties of a rather strong heterocyclic base, having higher basicity than “proton sponge” (Scheme 1) [15]. Although the physicochemical properties of acenaphthene 5, including structure

Synthesis of 7-azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane ring systems from tricarbonyl(tropone)iron via intramolecular Heck reactions

• Aaron H. Shoemaker,
• Elizabeth A. Foker,
• Elena P. Uttaro,
• Sarah K. Beitel and
• Daniel R. Griffith

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1615–1619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.118

• , entry 2) and Vanderwal [17] (Table 1, entry 3) in the synthesis of other bridged azapolycycles gave poor yields when applied to vinyl bromide 7. The best result was obtained using the combination of Pd(PPh3)4, K2CO3, and proton sponge in refluxing toluene [18][19]. Although this catalyst system proved

Synthesis, structure, and properties of switchable cross-conjugated 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes based on 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene

• Semyon V. Tsybulin,
• Ekaterina A. Filatova,
• Alexander F. Pozharskii,
• Valery A. Ozeryanskii and
• Anna V. Gulevskaya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 674–686, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.49

• , which exploit the carbon-rich nature, porous framework, and expanded π-electron system of these compounds [11]. And this is not a complete list. Recently, we reported on the synthesis of 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes 1–4 based on the “proton sponge” [1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene, DMAN] (Figure 1) [15

• ]. In the present work we describe the synthesis of a new family of proton sponge-based butadiynes 5 bearing arylethynyl substituents of different electronic nature. Oligomers 5 having electron-withdrawing groups on the aryl termini are interesting as push–pull A–π–D–π–D–π–A systems, whereas the

• counterpart with an electron-donating methoxy group can be converted into a D–π–A–π–A–π–D system by protonation of the proton sponge fragments (Figure 2). Moreover, oligomers 5 are cross-conjugated π-systems. “A cross-conjugated compound may be defined as a compound possessing three unsaturated groups, two of

On the application of 3d metals for C–H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets

• Renato L. Carvalho,
• Amanda S. de Miranda,
• Mateus P. Nunes,
• Roberto S. Gomes,
• Guilherme A. M. Jardim and
• Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1849–1938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.126

• action of Meerwein’s salt (Me3OBF4) and a mild base (proton sponge) to afford a methoxy cedrene derivative. Next, oxidative cleavage of the double bond using NaIO4/RuCl3·xH2O enabled a ring opening, followed by lactonization promoted by CuBr2 via an intramolecular acyloxylation. The 5,5-fused ring system

The preparation and properties of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives

• Kymbat S. Adekenova,
• Peter B. Wyatt and
• Sergazy M. Adekenov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 245–272, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.25

• isomerization [36]. Several nitrogen nucleophiles have been evaluated as catalysts to promote the difluorocarbene formation from TFDA in order to bring about the cyclopropanation of a 2-siloxybuta-1,3-diene derivative; 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (proton sponge) was found to be particularly effective [37

Automated high-content imaging for cellular uptake, from the Schmuck cation to the latest cyclic oligochalcogenides

• Rémi Martinent,
• Javier López-Andarias,
• Dimitri Moreau,
• Yangyang Cheng,
• Naomi Sakai and
• Stefan Matile

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2007–2016, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.167

• an endosomal pathway. The low pKa value of the four GCP moieties could result in an improved buffering capacity, which could facilitate endosomal escape by the proton-sponge effect [28]. Significant inhibition of DNA transfection by bafilomycin (a macrolide antibiotic that can block the endosomal

Towards the total synthesis of chondrochloren A: synthesis of the (Z)-enamide fragment

• Jan Geldsetzer and
• Markus Kalesse

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 670–673, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.64

• -dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane, TBSOTf = tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, proton sponge = 1,8-bis(N,N-dimethylamino)naphthalene. Synthesis of (Z)-bromide 4 using a palladium-catalyzed, stereoselective dehalogenation [21][22][23][24]. TBSOTf = tert-butyldimethylsilyl

1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthyl-2-ketimines: Inside vs outside protonation

• A. S. Antonov,
• A. F. Pozharskii,
• P. M. Tolstoy,
• A. Filarowski and
• O. V. Khoroshilova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2940–2948, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.273

• has been shown that E-isomers of neutral imines can be stabilised by an intramolecular C=N−H···OMe hydrogen bond with a neighbouring methoxy group. Electron-donating OMe groups dramatically increase the basicity of the imino nitrogen, forcing the latter to abstract a proton from the proton sponge

• rotation of the NH2+ fragment in dications. Keywords: hydrogen bond; imine; NMR; proton sponge; superbase; Introduction It is well known that the extremely high basicity of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (1, DMAN; pKa = 12.1 in H2O [1][2], 18.62 in MeCN [3], 7.5 in DMSO [4]) and its derivatives

• , leading to the formation of stabilised cations. In our recent work, we observed for the first time that the ortho-ketimino group in 4a can compete with the proton sponge moiety for the proton, which results in the formation of equilibria between the forms 4b (protonated to the proton sponge fragment) and

Design, synthesis and structure of novel G-2 melamine-based dendrimers incorporating 4-(n-octyloxy)aniline as a peripheral unit

• Cristina Morar,
• Pedro Lameiras,
• Attila Bende,
• Gabriel Katona,
• Emese Gál and
• Mircea Darabantu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1704–1722, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.145

• protonated site in ionic dendrimers 7b, 8 and 9 could not be attributed accurately either in solution (1H NMR), or in the solid state (IR). Consequently, their proposed cationic structures shown in Figure 1 and Scheme 4 (linker P-1 as piperazin-1-ium moiety) should be seen intuitively, a proton sponge-like

Chromium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective arylation of ketones

• Gang Wang,
• Shutao Sun,
• Ying Mao,
• Zhiyu Xie and
• Lei Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2771–2775, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.275

• smoothly, providing corresponding tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ols bearing a tertiary alcohol center with good enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). Experimental General procedure for the chromium(II) catalyzed enantioselective arylation of ketones: The solution of L8 (0.25 equiv, 0.025 mmol), proton sponge (0.25

Modular synthesis of the pyrimidine core of the manzacidins by divergent Tsuji–Trost coupling

• Sebastian Bretzke,
• Stephan Scheeff,
• Felicitas Vollmeyer,
• Friederike Eberhagen,
• Frank Rominger and
• Dirk Menche

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1111–1121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.107

• motif into 18, tosylisocyanate in combination with strong bases was required to achieve useful degrees of conversion towards the desired precursor 19. The best results were obtained with BuLi, as previously communicated [31], while weaker bases (NEt3, LHMDS, DBU, proton sponge) and less electron

Exploring monovalent and multivalent peptides for the inhibition of FBP21-tWW

• Lisa Maria Henning,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Miriam Bertazzon,
• Michaela Marczynke,
• Oliver Seitz,
• Rudolf Volkmer,
• Rainer Haag and
• Christian Freund

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 701–706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.80

• ], and polyamidoamine [11] are taken up by the cell and localize to endosomes or endolysosomes, where they lead to proton pumping and concomitant influx due to a proton sponge effect [12], increasing the ionic strength in these organelles. Eventually, this leads to osmotic rupture of the endosome and

Rational design of cyclopropane-based chiral PHOX ligands for intermolecular asymmetric Heck reaction

• Marina Rubina,
• William M. Sherrill,
• Alexey Yu. Barkov and
• Michael Rubin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1536–1548, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.158

• employment of proton sponge as a base resulted in significant isomerization of product 3a into the more thermodynamically stable dihydrofurans 4a and 20a. Close monitoring of the reaction by chiral GC revealed, that the initially formation of “normal” product 3a is observed (Table 1, entry 4); however, by

• presence of Hünig’s base (Table 3, entries 2 and 5). Employment of proton sponge helped boost the reaction rate in the arylation catalyzed by both L4 and L5 (Table 3, entries 3 and 6). Yet, significant isomerization of 3 into 4 was observed with this base when the reaction catalyzed by Pd/L4 complex was

• a result, the selectivity toward formation of 3 was slightly lower in these cases. Reactions performed in the presence of Pd/L5 catalyst and proton sponge proceeded much faster, albeit providing somewhat lower ee's (Table 4, entries 6–10). In contrast to the Pd/L4-catalyzed reactions

Total synthesis and cytotoxicity of the marine natural product malevamide D and a photoreactive analog

• Werner Telle,
• Gerhard Kelter,
• Heinz-Herbert Fiebig,
• Peter G. Jones and
• Thomas Lindel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 316–322, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.29

• -BuOAc (Scheme 1). β-Hydroxyhexanoate 6 was obtained as a mixture of diastereomers (5:4), which was separated by column chromatography (silica) on a multigram scale. Treatment of (3R,4S)-6 with Meerwein's salt in presence of proton sponge afforded Cbz-protected MMMAH tert-butyl ester 7 in 87% yield

Molecular recognition of organic ammonium ions in solution using synthetic receptors

• Andreas Späth and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 32, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.32